The Zoning Code functions as the minimum requirements that developers must adhere to. In other words, the private individuals responsible for creating more pleasant and user-friendly POPS beyond the minimum requirements are in the private domain, not the national authority. In this situation, the possibility of expecting overall improvement in the urban environment may exist not in the act of designing to the maximum beyond the minimum requirements but in the clustering of buildings that only meet the minimum requirements.

Meanwhile, the current regulations regarding POPS provide overly specific and generalized design guidelines that may not allow private entities and architects to have the potential to enhance the overall quality of POPS. This policy not only generates generalized public spaces but may also act as obstacles hindering the installation of new POPS. Regulations aimed at creating minimal design quality can sometimes
impede the design process itself. Therefore, there is a need for new regulations to become simpler and more flexible to enhance the design quality of POPS and encourage various design attempts.

Additionally, under the current regulations, there is no guarantee of public participation in the design process of POPS. This increases the likelihood of POPS designs not reflecting the site context and failing to meet the needs of the public, potentially leaving them neglected as empty spaces. However, the public participation in the Uniform Land Use Review Procedure (ULURP), which occurs during the NYC City Planning Department's approval process for some new projects, is too lengthy, increasing the likelihood of private entities shying away from installing POPS if it should follow this process. Therefore, there is a necessity to introduce a new process that enables public involvement in the POPS design process.

To address the issues identified, several regulatory modifications are proposed. First, consolidating the numerous POPS categories and introducing height-specific regulations can reduce overregulation and simplify the design and approval process. Standardizing regulations for Through Block Arcades and Covered Pedestrian Spaces under the general Through Block Connections regulations can further streamline management. Ensuring all POPS undergo review by relevant public entities, even if not identical to the ULURP(Uniform Land Use Review Procedure) process, can enhance public oversight and accountability.

Furthermore, revising the physical design regulations to harmonize diverse numerical requirements across different POPS categories can provide greater design flexibility. Allowing for the simultaneous installation of multiple POPS categories and the inclusion of POPS on rooftops can expand the potential for creative and functional public spaces. These regulatory modifications can alleviate the stringent design constraints currently imposed on developers and reduce the psychological and temporal burdens associated with securing governmental
approval.

Additionally, integrating an online system for managing POPS activities can enhance public accessibility and engagement. By enabling citizens to select and book POPS online and ensuring NYPD intervention for illegal activities, the system can facilitate organized and lawful use of these spaces. This approach can improve the transparency and efficiency of POPS management, ensuring these spaces serve their intended public function effectively.

In conclusion, while Privately Owned Public Spaces (POPS) have significantly contributed to urban public space in cities like New York, there are notable challenges and limitations in their current implementation and regulation. Addressing these issues through regulatory modifications, enhanced public oversight, and innovative design approaches can improve the functionality and public value of POPS. Ensuring a more equitable distribution of POPS and fostering greater public engagement in their management can enhance their role as vital urban amenities, contributing to the overall quality of urban life. The proposed changes aim to create a more adaptable and effective framework for the development and management of POPS, ensuring these spaces fulfill their potential as essential components of urban environments.

The project involves a comprehensive review of zoning codes, design standards, and approval processes for POPS. Proposed technical modifications include:

1. Consolidation of POPS categories and introduction of height-specific design guidelines.
2. Revision of physical design requirements to increase flexibility, including rooftop and multi-category installations.
3. Integration of an online system for management of POPS to streamline accessibility and ensure regulatory compliance.