The 'Vertical Fusion: Symbiotic Strategies for Expanding Cities' project explores the concept of Symbiotic Architecture as an innovative approach for the vertical expansion of existing residential buildings, with a particular focus on the Bregu i Diellit neighborhood in Prishtina. The project aims to address current urbanization challenges, including population growth, housing shortages, and the need for sustainable urban development.

The idea is based on a comprehensive analysis of the urban context and the identification of the potential for vertical expansion in existing buildings by integrating five key design principles: symbiosis, sustainability, modularity, flexibility, and adaptability.

The project draws inspiration from the revolutionary design practices of architects such as Le Corbusier, Renzo Piano, and Cedric Price, as well as visionary projects that challenge conventional boundaries through materials, technology, and spatial concepts.

The proposed conceptual model aims not only to improve the residents’ quality of life but also to contribute to the sustainable urban development of Prishtina and other evolving cities. This model serves as a platform for strategic, sustainable, and innovative development that can also be applied to other neighborhoods facing similar challenges.

The solution focuses on Bregu i Diellit in Prishtina but is adaptable to similar urban contexts. It aims to improve living quality, strengthen community ties, and promote sustainable urban growth in evolving/ expanding cities.

The methodology follows four main development phases:

1 - Urban Context | City of Prishtina
A comprehensive study of Prishtina’s urban fabric to identify potential areas for vertical densification and understand the city’s structural and spatial dynamics.
2 - Pilot Neighborhood Study | Bregu i Diellit
Focused analysis of the neighborhood, examining existing residential clusters, infrastructure, and socio-spatial characteristics.
3 - Selection of a Building Cluster for Examination
Identification of specific building groups within Bregu i Diellit suitable for vertical extension
4 - Development of Conceptual Proposal
A symbiotic architectural model incorporating modular, flexible, and adaptable elements, all integrating sustainability purposes. The proposal balances innovation with respect for existing structures and community needs, offering scalable solutions for urban densification.

The research approach begins with a review of the main terminologies to establish conceptual clarity. Using satellite mapping, the study investigates urban density patterns and land use, while demographic analysis provides insights into population trends and housing needs. A review of urban regulations ensures that proposed solutions are compliant with the urbanistic framework. Fieldwork and community questionnaires assess local needs and aspirations. Finally, the research draws upon case studies and best practices from notable architectural works, integrating lessons from pioneering projects to strategic architectural solutions that balance innovation, sustainability, and respect for existing structures.

This project proposes a superstructural system for the vertical extension of existing residential buildings, offering an efficient solution to increase capacity without occupying new land. The superstructure is an independent steel frame positioned above existing buildings, minimizing interventions in the original structure. Prefabricated modular elements allow for rapid, flexible, and cost-effective construction. Steel systems balance compressive and tensile forces, supporting large spans while ensuring structural efficiency, combination of four structural systems to form a cohesive and durable framework is proposed.

On the other hand, Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) modules units are incorporated alongside steel, offering lightweight construction, reduced carbon emissions, faster assembly, and excellent thermal performance. Openings and roof forms are designed to create dynamic, adaptable spaces that respond to different uses and aesthetic goals.

Flexible residential units, based on rectangular and square modules are named as single and double units, proposed also in the form of duplexes. These units and their combination enable expansion and adaptation over time, for the purpose of supporting multi-generational living, evolving community needs, and personalization aspects.

The units reflect principles of symbiosis, modularity, flexibility, adaptability, and sustainability, ensuring long-term value for both residents and the urban environment. Sustainability, being at the core of the proposal, the common spaces on the readapted roof and the new structure include spaces for urban farming, vertical gardens, and therapeutic activities, supported by solar panels and smart water management systems. As well as, new service cores to maintain water, sewage, electricity, and ventilation systems without altering the existing structure.